Diagnosis |
POPLITEAL CYST
(Baker’s Cyst)
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| Definition |
An abnormal sac filled
with fluid found in the back of the knee or leg |
| Details |
Popliteal (Baker's) cysts
are common and at times may be confused with a clot in the leg. If
they become large enough they may even lead to compression of the
major vein coming from the leg.
Picture
of a large cyst |
| Causes |
Popliteal cysts can arise
from irritation of a bursa (a normal fluid filled sac that
lubricates two surfaces) that exists between two muscle behind the
knee. These cysts may also be caused by cartilage tears or arthritis
within the knee. |
| Diagnosis |
Popliteal cysts cause
pain behind the knee that at times radiates into the back of the
leg. Swelling that goes up and down is characteristic of a popliteal
cyst. Difficulty or pain with fully straightening the knee can also
be seen. The diagnosis is made by a careful history and physical by
your doctor. X-rays may be taken to evaluate the joint and
occasionally ultrasound or an MRI is ordered to confirm the
diagnosis.
MRI
of a Popliteal Cyst |
| Treatment |
Nonoperative:
Treatment begins with rest, short term immobilization of the joint
and anti-inflammatory medication. An elastic wrap coupled with icing
may reduce the size of the popliteal cyst and the severity of the
symptoms. Draining the cyst with a needle and instilling steroids in
the cyst cavity may be indicated if the initially treatment regimen
fails.
Picture
of draining the cyst |
| |
Operative: When
non-operative measures have been exhausted, operative intervention
is warranted. Isolating the cause of the cyst and eliminating it is
the goal of surgery. This can usually be done arthroscopically if
the cause is inside the knee. Rarely, open removal of the cyst and
its lining is needed to effect a cure. |
| Prevention |
Not much can be done to prevent a popliteal cyst other than
avoiding injury to the knee by maintaining its strength and
stability.
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